General Information About Water
Information about Recycling Water
Information about Bottled Water
- Human actions have drastically altered the natural water cycle.
- Water is important to almost everything we consume, use, and produce.
- About 1 billion people in the world don’t have access to clean water.
- Humans need to drink about 1 quart of water each day to avoid becoming dehydrated.
- Salt water is not safe for people to drink.
- 97% of the world’s water is salt water and 3% is freshwater.
- Water is in motion all over Earth!
- People in more developed countries take their water supply for granted.
- The steam coming from a pot of boiling water is water vapor.
- Without water, Earth would be a dry, dusty, dead place.
- When water sinks down into place where all the spaces are already where all the little spaces or holes are filled with water, the ground is known as saturated.
- After rainfall water seeps into the ground, draining until it can, it passes a layer there and it collected into something called an aquifer. The top one of those is called a water table.
- The water table is the uppermost layer of the saturated zone.
- The water table rises and falls depending on the amount of rainfall an area receives.
- When a drought takes place, the amount of groundwater becomes low.
- Recharge is the process of water flowing into a saturated zone and becoming groundwater.
- A well is often dug or drilled into an aquifer.
- When people collect rainwater in containers, mosquitos lay eggs in uncovered still water, which spreads lot and lot of diseases.
- Around the world, millions of people die from dirty water using, drinking, even cleaning with it. This is about 2 million people.
- Around ⅖ of the Earth’s people don’t have water for sanitations. Without proper hygiene, sickness spreads quickly.
- When too much water is taken in, the underground can sink, causing major cracks and damage.
- Sometimes underground water flows naturally from an aquifer to the surface without a well or pump. These places are called springs. Springs occur when the water table is above the Earth’s surface.
- Water is used for irrigation. Drip irrigation requires much less water than conventional irrigation.
- People use pesticides to enrich the soil and kill unwanted bugs. These chemicals seep into the ground and pollute groundwater.
- Industries add water pollution, but are not the biggest polluters. 80% of pollution comes from everyday home uses and from farms.
- Pesticides can travel in the air as water vapor or in runoff water and up to a river, stream, or lakes. By this, the fish in the river may get poisoned. Even if the animals do not die, the predators that eat them may die.
- When human and animal waste gets into the water, it produces bacteria and viruses that can make anything sick.
- If water has too much waste, it may catch fire!
- When water vapor mixes with harmful gases, it produces acid rain and acid rain can harm plants, trees, and animals.
- Ways to reduce water pollution:
- Use safer laundry detergents that are free of phosphates. Instead, use ammonia, vinegar, and baking soda.
- Avoid using pesticides, weed killers, and chemical fertilizers.
- Avoid dumping of paints, oils, or chemicals down the drain. Instead, recycle them.
- Water likes going downhill, but not so much uphill.
- Earth has its own way to clean water. It is the wetland way. People always think of wetlands as deep, dark, and scary places. Wetlands are like giant sponges holding lots of water that might flood surrounding areas. In wetlands, the roots of plants and trees trap mud and soak up pollutants in the water leaving it cleaner.
- People use methane gases to heat water.
- Water is in just about everything!
- It takes gallons and gallons of water to make gasoline.
- We need a lot of water to keep our bodies working properly.
- We are losing water all the time. Plants lose water through their leaves.
- Rainwater is also called freshwater.
- The frozen water of the glaciers move very slowly.
- Water that is underground can change shape as it moves.
- Earth’s gravity pulls water to the surface in many forms such as rain, snow, and hail.
- Some water that rains to the surface
- Water flows out faster when there is a lot of it and slower when not as much of it because of pressure.
- Water evaporates from heat.
- Water turns to a gas when it is heated to 212 degrees Fahrenheit or more.
- Water turns into a solid or ice when it is cooled to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or less.
- Farmers use water power to water their crops.
- Firefighters spray water on fires to put them out.
- Water rushing through canyons wears down the rocky sides.
- Water falling from dams can be used to power some cities.
- Water helps keep you clean.
- When you are thirsty, your body is telling you that you need water.
- When plants need water, they usually look wrinkled and limp.
- Most of the world is covered in water!
- Water is found in oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, and even puddles.
- Not all water is drinkable.
- Water has no shape.
- Animals and plants drink water.
- A human body is mostly made out of water.
- If we did not have water, we wouldn’t be here!
- Water is formed when hydrogen and oxygen join together.
- When water freezes, it gets larger.
- When water gets to a boiling point, the amount of it decreases as some of the water gets evaporated.
- Water can be a solid, liquid or gas state depending on the temperature.
- Water freezes if the temperature is below zero.
- Cocoa powder, instant coffee, baking soda, sugar cubes, sugar crystals and sand dissolve in water.
- We can survive without food for weeks, but without water we cannot survive few days.
- To stay healthy , adults need to drink about 2litres of water a day.
- Over ⅔ of our body is water. Elephants are about 70% water and tomatoes are 90% water.
- We breathe out water vapor.
- When the warm water vapor in our breath hits a cold mirror, it forms tiny droplets of water, This is called condensation which we can see it.
- Flash floods are caused by sudden severe storms. Too much rain falls too quickly forms rivers and drains to carry it away.
- Broad scale floods are caused by continuous and heavy rainfall for days over a wide area. Slowly rivers and drains fill up,and water covers the land as far as the eyes can see.
- Floods make clean water dirty and dangerous to drink.
- Some floods are very useful. For thousands of years, people living in Egypt relied on regular floods from the Nile River to bring life giving water to their fields.
- In the south of Sahara desert, there has been a drought since the past 30 years.
- An average American uses about a 100 gallons of water a day.
- People get freshwater from desalinated water.
- Industries use about 13 gallons of water to make the plastic in one action figure.
- Today ,about 40% of the crops worldwide are irrigated. A few farmers have switched to dry irrigation because it saves water.
- Most of the rocks underground have the little spaces like sponge pores. These pores can be as big as caves or can be as small as buttons. The water collected in these rocks creates an aquifer.Aquifers can be as big as states or can be as small as a field.
- Thousands of men poured more than six million tons of concrete to build the Hoover dam.
- Dams can solve and create problems. The land behind the dams is flooded. In India dams have pushed more than 38 million people from building their homes.
- Santa Barbara, on the California coast built a desalination plant. The factories take the salt water and make it freshwater .Scientists have worked to improve desalination methods. Experts recommend this solution when the others fail.
- People have saved water in many ways. They start by thinking about what they need and what they don’t need. People have decided having thick ,green lawns are nice but not as important to drink .Water companies pay people to switch to water saving toilets and washing machines. People take quick baths and turn the tap off when they are brushing their teeth. These simple ways save trillion gallons of water every year.
- Many humans started cleaning the water they used and reused it again. This process is called recycling. The next time you turn on faucet, remember that the water coming out has a long history.
- It takes about fifteen million cloud droplets to make one raindrop.
- Water is more dense as a liquid than a solid.
- Reservoirs are easier to control because people can control their flow.
- People build reservoirs, which store water.
- Water that soaks underground is held beneath layers of rock in aquifers(a type of natural well).
- Water can be used for power generation.
- Our body’s are made of almost ¾ percent of water.
- Water towers are tall so water can flow down easily.
- Factories sometimes pump their liquid waste contaminates into the sewer.
- Many of our water sources, including the oceans, are being slowly poisoned!
- Most rain falls over oceans, but when it reaches land, it flows into rivers.
- One of Earth’s most natural resources is water.
- Trees drink up rain water and then let the vapor into the air through their leaves.
- Underground pipes carry water to each house one by one.
- A lot of earth's freshwater is stuck in ice or glaciers.
- Water is made of a mix of hydrogen and oxygen.
- One person uses about 100 gallons of water per day.
- Treating wastewater takes several days and steps.
- Human wastewater is 60% of the wastewater on Earth.
- 84%-90% of fresh water is wasted in crops!
- 270 people do not have access to clean water.
- All life on Earth depends on water and the water cycle.
- Brackish water is found where freshwater flows into salt water. It has less salt than ocean water but is still salty.
- Water on the Earth is always moving
- The amount of water on Earth never changes. Water is always being recycled.
- 1% of water that isn’t in oceans is in lakes, rivers, inland seas, and the air.
- 22% of water that isn’t in the ocean is under ground and then 77% is in glaciers.
- Water may spend thousands of years frozen as a ice glacier.
- In developing countries dirty water kills up to 2.2 million people a year. Most are children! ):
- In 2002, volunteers removed more than 4,400 tons of debris from the world’s beaches and coastal waters. It included 675,360 food wrappers and containers, 360,000 aluminum cans, and 14,565 batteries.
- U.S. National Academy of Sciences reported that about 180 million gallons of oil seep from the ocean floor each year.
- It is estimated 1.1 billion people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water.
- The U.S. uses more water than any other country in the world.
- Diseases carried in polluted water cause death of about 3 million people a year worldwide.
- 70% of Earth’s surface is water.
- Clean water carries nutrients to our cells.
- A leaking toilet wastes up to about 200 gallons of water a day!
- A dripping water faucet can waste up to 20 gallons of water a day.
- More than 80% of Earth’s freshwater is frozen.
- One person/child dies from a water-related sickness every 10 seconds.
- We can survive for 3 weeks without eating food but only 3 days without drinking water!
- Water that is underground can change shape. As it moves it can be a solid, liquid, or gas all in the same day.
- Earth’s gravity pulls water to it’s surface in many forms. Such as rain, snow, and hail.
- Some water that falls to the ground is absorbed in the soil, this is called infiltration.
- Underground water might stay close to the surface, or it might sink miles below it. It may be absorbed by plants to help them grow. Groundwater can stay underground for thousands of years or it may stay there for only a few seconds.
- Some rocks underground are porous. These rocks contain little spaces into which rocks can absorb water.
- Water is colorless, and odorless.
- Water contaminated with too much fluoride, affects the bones and teeth.
- Recycling aluminum cans would create 97% less water pollution.
- Recycling paper uses 55% less water.
- Using one ton of recycled paper can save 7,000 gallons of water.
- Recycling batteries creates less air and water pollution.
- Recycling glass prevents 50% less water pollution.
- Recycling one ton of steel cans reduces water pollution by 76%.
- A single quart of improperly disposed motor oil can contaminate up to two million gallons of freshwater.
- An average Australian household uses 40 gallons of water a day, the average American household uses 80-100 gallons of water a day.
- By reusing water one can save about 16,500 gallons of water in a year per household.
- A cell phone can contaminate 158,000 gallons of groundwater.
- People use pesticides to enrich the soil and kill unwanted bugs. These chemicals seep into the ground and pollute groundwater.
- When human and animal wastes get into the water, it produces bacteria and viruses that can make someone sick or kill them.
- If water gets badly polluted it may even catch fire.
- 84%-90% of fresh water is wasted in crops.
- Farmers often use low quality water.
- Most of Earth’s water is liquid, each one of these form is called a “Phase”
- Each day, the sunshine heats 1 trillion tons of surface water and this heated water is called “Vapor”
- Most of the water dinosaurs used is still around today
- 97% of the water on Earth is too salty for us to drink
- Hidden uses of water:
- Newspaper= 8 gallons of water to make
- Microchip= 8 gallons of water
- Aluminum can= 26 gallons
- Cloth diaper= 264 gallons to make
- Cotton t-shirt= 793 gallons of water
- Pair of leather shoes= 2,113 gallons of water
- Pair of jeans= 2,906 gallons of water
- Car= 105,669 gallons of water
- Scientists put water through Reverse Osmosis to help take salt out.
- A single oak tree can move 100 gallons of water from the ground to the atmosphere in one day.
- Deserts are places where fewer than 10 inches of rain falls each year.
- 86% of people rely on a public water source
- 42 billion gallons of water used a day
- High pressure membranes get rid of small bacteria and chemicals.
- Low pressure membranes take out larger kinds of bacteria.
- Industries add water pollution but are not the biggest polluters. 80% of pollution comes from everyday home uses and from farms.
- Reservoirs are easier to control because people can control their flow.
- People build reservoirs, which store water.
- Water that soaks underground is held beneath layers of rock in aquifers (a type of natural well).
- Water can be used for power generation.
- Our body’s are made of almost ¾ percent of water.
- Water towers are tall so water can flow down easily.
- Factories sometimes pump their liquid waste contaminates into the sewer.
- Many of our water sources, including the oceans, are being slowly poisoned!
- Most rain falls over oceans, but when it reaches land, it flows into rivers.
- One of Earth’s most natural resources is water.
- Trees drink up rain water and then let the vapor into the air through their leaves.
- Underground pipes carry water to each house one by one.
- A lot of earth's freshwater is stuck in ice or glaciers.
- 97% of the water on earth is saltwater, and only 3% is freshwater.
- Water is made of a mix of hydrogen and oxygen.
- One person uses about 100 gallons of water per day.
- Treating wastewater takes several days and steps.
- Human wastewater is 60% of the wastewater on Earth.
- 84%-90% of fresh water is wasted in crops!
- 270 people do not have access to clean water.
- All life on Earth depends on water and the water cycle.
- Brackish water is found where freshwater flows into salt water. It has less salt than ocean water but is still salty.
- Water on the Earth is always moving.
- The amount of water on Earth never changes. Water is always being recycled.
- 1% of water that isn’t in oceans is in lakes, rivers, inland seas, and the air.
- 22% of water that isn’t in the ocean is under ground and then 77% is in glaciers.
- Water may spend thousands of years frozen as a ice glacier.
- In developing countries dirty water kills up to 2.2 million people a year. Most are children! ):
- In 2002, volunteers removed more than 4,400 tons of debris from the world’s beaches and coastal waters. It included 675,360 food wrappers and containers, 360,000 aluminum cans, and 14,565 batteries.
- U.S. National Academy of Sciences reported that about 180 million gallons of oil seep from the ocean floor each year.
- It is estimated 1.1 billion people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water.
- The U.S. uses more water than any other country in the world.
- Diseases carried in polluted water cause death of about 3 million people a year worldwide.
- 70% of Earth’s surface is water.
- Clean water carries nutrients to our cells.
- A leaking toilet wastes up to about 200 gallons of water a day!
- A dripping water faucet can waste up to 20 gallons of water a day.
- More than 80% of Earth’s freshwater is frozen.
- One person/child dies from a water-related sickness every 10 seconds.
- We can survive for 3 weeks without eating food but only 3 days without drinking water!
- Water that is underground can change shape. As it moves it can be a solid, liquid, or gas all in the same day.
- Earth’s gravity pulls water to it’s surface in many forms. Such as rain, snow, and hail.
- Some water that falls to the ground is absorbed in the soil, this is called infiltration.
- Underground water might stay close to the surface, or it might sink miles below it. It may be absorbed by plants to help them grow. Groundwater can stay underground for thousands of years or it may stay there for only a few seconds.
- Some rocks underground are porous. These rocks contain little spaces into which rocks can absorb water.
- Water is colorless, and odorless.
- Water contaminated with too much fluoride, affects the bones and teeth.
- Recycling aluminum cans would create 97% less water pollution.
- Recycling paper uses 55% less water.
- Using one ton of recycled paper can save 7,000 gallons of water.
- Recycling batteries creates less air and water pollution.
- Recycling glass prevents 50% less water pollution.
- Recycling one ton of steel cans reduces water pollution by 76%.
- A single quart of improperly disposed motor oil can contaminate up to two million gallons of freshwater.
- An average Australian household uses 40 gallons of water a day, the average American household uses 80-100 gallons of water a day.
- By reusing water one can save about 16,500 gallons of water in a year per household.
- A cell phone can contaminate 158,000 gallons of groundwater.
- People use pesticides to enrich the soil and kill unwanted bugs. These chemicals seep into the ground and pollute groundwater.
- When human and animal wastes get into the water, it produces bacteria and viruses that can make someone sick or kill them.
- If water gets badly polluted it may even catch fire.
- 84%-90% of fresh water is wasted in crops.
- Farmers often use low quality water.
- Most of Earth’s water is liquid, each one of these form is called a “Phase”
- Each day, the sunshine heats 1 trillion tons of surface water and this heated water is called “Vapor”
- Most of the water dinosaurs used is still around today
- 97% of the water on Earth is too salty for us to drink
- You need 8 gallons of water to make newspaper.
- Scientists put water through Reverse Osmosis to help take salt out.
- A single oak tree can move 100 gallons of water from the ground to the atmosphere in one day.
- Deserts are places where fewer than 10 inches of rain falls each year.
Information about Recycling Water
- A faucet running for more than 3 minutes wastes more than a quart of water.
- Water Contaminated with too much fluoride affects the bones and teeth.
- Recycling aluminium cans would reduce 97% of water pollution.
- Recycling paper uses 55% less water.
- Using 1 ton of recycled paper saves 7,000 gallons of water.
- Recycling Batteries creates less water and air pollution.
- If you improperly dispose batteries, it may expose the environment and water to lead and acid.
- People use water to make energy. Most water power is used to make electricity.
- Water is a very important source of energy.
- The kinetic energy of water can be changed into electrical energy.
- In the past, people had to use hand pumps to take water from wells.
- Water power does not pollute!
- Recycling cell phones prevents contamination of groundwater by harmful substances and chemicals.
- Recycling glass reduces 50% of water pollution.
- Recycling 1 ton of steel cans reduces water pollution by 76%.
- A single quart of improperly disposed motor oil can contaminate up to two million gallons of fresh water.
- Human tissues riquier about 2 ½ quarts of water a day.
- An average Australian household uses 40 gallons of water a day. The average American uses 80 - 100 gallons a day
- By reusing water one can save about 16,500 of water in a year per household.
- The process of making recycled proper uses 50% less water.
- A cell phone can contaminate 158,000 gallons of groundwater.
- Only 5% of home water consumption is used for food and drink, 15% laundry , 19% toilet ,26% bathroom , and 35% garden.
- Replace things in your home that use water with energy efficient ones to help the environment.
- Older toilets use 3.5 gallons of water to flush. New ones use 1.6 gallons or less to flush.
Information about Bottled Water
- Every second of every day in the U.S, a thousand people buy and open a plastic bottle of commercially produced water and every second of everyday, a thousand bottles of bottled water are thrown away.
- An average American drinks 30 gallons of bottled water a year.
- About ⅓ of bottled water is actually tap water!
- 18% of bottled water brands don’t tell you where their water comes from. 32% of bottled water brands don’t tell you anything about the treatment or purity of the water. What could be in our water that we don’t know?
- About 40% of bottled water is just regular tap water, which may or may not have had any additional treatment.
- Bottled water brands hide the truth about their product to make sure customers still buy their product and they keep making money.
- About ⅓ of bottled water brands have high levels of chemicals found in them, like: nitrates, nitrites, high pH levels, bacteria, lead, copper, chlorine, silver, uranium, barium, flouride, lead, and many more.
- When you buy a bottle of water, you pay up to 1,900 times what you could by using tap water.
- Our consumption of soft drinks has grown by 17 gallons a year and our consumption of bottled water has grown by 25 gallons a year, and our purchases of all other beverages, including milk, juices, tea, coffee and hard liquor have dropped by 6 gallons a year.
- The beverage companies are winning the war on tap water, but we have to think: Is bottled water safer than tap water?
- All water companies use advertisements in televisions, newspapers and websites to market their products including bottled water.
- Bottled water companies are regulated by the FDA and tap water is regulated by the EPA. These two organizations don’t work together.
- Tap water requires a lot more testing than bottled water. In fact, tap water requires 4 times more testing than bottled water!
- The FDA doesn’t have to share results publically because of loopholes in federal laws. The FDA doesn’t consider bottled water to be a risky food product so it doesn’t regulate it as tightly as it does with other foods. The EPA does share its findings with the public.
- Drinking contaminated water can hurt your brain, body, organs, and the rest of your body.
- Water is measured in ppb (parts per billion).
- Some bottled water comes from sparkling springs and other sources, but about 25% of bottled water comes from municipal supplies (tap water).
- Bottled water brands don’t have to let the public know about their water being contaminated, but they do sometimes pull their water from the shelves at stores (people can’t buy it then). In between 1990 to 2007, this happened around 100 times.
- Companies over exaggerate where they produce their water.
- There is no guarantee that bottled water is safe.
- There is no smell or taste to pure water.
- Americans drank 9.7 billion gallons of bottled water in 2012, a 6.2% increase than 2011.
- Fiji water has more bacteria than tap water.
- Bottled water demands are dropping.
- High levels of fluoride in water can harm your brain.
- It takes a lot of oil to make plastic bottles. The amount of oil it takes to make plastic water bottles in the US alone could fuel one million cars and trucks for a year!!
- Companies bottle water for money.
- A lot of times, bottled water brands like Aquafina and Dasani are just filtered tap water.
- Scaring us and misleading us are things that bottled water companies do to get our attention about tap water to think it is bad so that we will buy their bottled water product.
- A lot of bottled water companies use fake photos of where the water in their bottles comes from.
- Every year the energy used to make bottled water in the U.S. takes enough oil and energy to fuel a million cars!
- Recycled water bottles sometimes end up in places like India for disposing of.
- Aquafina uses public water sources for its water and Dasani is sometimes purified, sometimes not.
- People in the US spend about $11 billion dollars in one year on bottled water.
- 6,000 glasses of water can cost as much as 1 bottle of water!
- Bottled water costs about 2,000 times more than tap water.
- The trash of bottled water bottles in one week can wrap around the Earth 5 times!
- Ciaccia, responsible for Cleveland’s water system, wanted to test the Fiji water. While the test reports indicated that both Fiji water and Cleveland’s tap water had met the federal standards, the tests reportedly indicated that Fiji water contained volatile plastic compounds, 40 times more bacteria than found in well-run municipal water systems, and most noticeably, over 6 micrograms per liter of arsenic. Cleveland’s tap water had no measurable arsenic. And while 6 micrograms per liter is within the U.S regulatory limits.
- New Yorkers brag about their tap water for a good reason: the city has one of the purest water supplies than any major metropolitan area.
- Polluted water kills millions of people with disease like cholera across the world.
- There are three types of filtration methods,
- Ultrafiltration(UF) - The UF membranes is higher pressures and smaller pore sizes to separate particulate matter from water. UF membranes typically remove all bacteria viruses and silt in the range of 10th to a thousandth of a micron.
- Nanofiltration membrane is even smaller pore sizes and are capable of removing most organic substances, dissolving salts, sugars, metals and color.
- Reverse osmosis membranes are the most effective at removing all contaminants down to some of the smallest ions dissolved in water.Reverse osmosis membranes remove most of the minerals and make the water taste bad.
- “US standard of identity:for US bottled waters:
- Artesian water or artesian well water is water from a well tapping a confined aquifer in which the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer.
- Groundwater includes water from a subsurface saturated zone that is under a pressure equal to or greater atmospheric pressure.
- Mineral water is water containing not less than 250 parts per million total dissolved solids, coming from a source tapped at 1 or more boreholes or springs.No minerals maybe added to this water.
- Purified water is water that has been treated by distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis or the other suitable processes.
- Sparkling bottled water is water that, after treatment and possible artificial replacement of carbon -dioxide, contains the same level of carbon-dioxide as water directly from the source.
- Spring water is water derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface of the Earth.
- Sterile water is water that meets the requirements under the sterility test.
- Well water is water from a hole bored, drilled, or otherwise constructed in the ground, which taps the water of an aquifer.
- The opposition of bottled water is that it can leak dangerous chemicals that are in plastic container into the water and make it hazardous, but what about PET which is widely considered to be used bottled water? PET is considered to be one of the safest plastic container for food packaging,and few incredible studies have ever claimed to find a risk of leaching. The disadvantage with PET is that it doesn’t degrade or compost.
- Some bottled water, especially sold in large sizes is packaged in polycarbonate (PC) which is stronger than PET. Under some extreme conditions, such as the cleaning of polycarbonate with abrasive materials, or long term storage of water in PC containers, some PC containers appears to release BPA, a potentially hazardous substance.
- Even if plastic container does not leach, heat and light encourage bacterial growth.
- Machines are designed to take tiny round plastic petals and make hundreds of bottles a minute and automatically test them for flaws rejecting bad ones and putting good ones.
- In the early 1970s, Lake Erie had been polluted so badly that it had caught on fire! This incident however, also led to the federal Clean Water Act of 1972, the great lakes Water Quality Agreement and also led to the creation of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Today, Lake Erie is far cleaner than it has been in years, and Cleveland’s water system provides more than 90 billion gallons of high quality potable water every year.